Entries - P

P5

Particle Physics Project Prioritization Panel (in the US)

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abbreviations, acronyms, translation

pA collisions

Proton-nucleus collisions

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abbreviations, acronyms, translation

packet-switched, packet-switching

translation

PAO

Pierre Auger Observatory, Argentina

Spell out in first use then use acronym for the CERN Courier

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Courier

par excellence

use italics

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translation

particle decay

The spontaneous process of one fundamental particle transforming into other fundamental particles. During this process, a fundamental particle becomes a different particle with less mass and an intermediate particle is created. For example, a W boson can decay into a tau and a neutrino. The intermediate particle then transforms into other particles.

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physics

particles

Always spell out the name of the particle – do not use the mathematical symbol in text.

The mathematical symbols may be used in diagrams only when they are spelled out in full in the accompanying caption. See graphs and charts.

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physics, style

payphone

translation

PDF

Whenever you link to a PDF, make sure to put the link on the letters [PDF] inside square brackets. This is for people using the website on a mobile phone – PDFs can take a long time to load. 

Find out more about CERN in the general brochure [PDF]

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style

PECFA

Plenary ECFA

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abbreviations, acronyms, translation

PEP

Positron-Electron Project (SLAC)

Acronym doesn’t need spelling out for the CERN Courier

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abbreviations, acronyms, Courier

per capita

no italics

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translation

per cent, percentage

Write per cent, not "percent". If using the % sign, don't put a space between it and the digit:

Of the 5000 people who answered the survey, 10% (or 10 per cent) were French.

58%, 90%, etc.

When calculating percentages, beware the "rose by/fell by X%" construction: an increase from 3% to 5% is a 2-percentage-point increase or a 2-point increase, not a 2% increase

Never use the "per thousand" symbol, ‰

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style, translation

per diem

no italics

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translation

per se

use italics

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translation

petabyte

Lower case. Not "Petabyte" or, worse, "PetaByte"

A unit of information equal to one thousand million million (1015) or, strictly, 250 bytes.

Almost overnight, companies are transitioning from storing gigabytes of data to managing terabytes, and even petabytes, of information.

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computing, spelling, style

PFGB

Pension Fund Governing Board

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abbreviations, acronyms, translation

PhD

Capital P, lower case h, capital D. Note the lack of punctuation. 

Jenny will defend her PhD thesis this year.

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style

PHENIX

Pioneering High Energy Nuclear Interaction eXperiment (BNL)

Acronym doesn’t need spelling out for the CERN Courier

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abbreviations, acronyms, Courier

phone numbers

See telephone numbers

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style

PHOS

PHOton Spectrometer (ALICE experiment)

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abbreviations, acronyms, translation

photodetector

no hyphen, no space

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Courier

photon

Plural: photons.

A particle representing a quantum of light or other electromagnetic radiation.

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physics

photo–jet event

use ndash

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Courier

PIC(-LHC)

Performance-improving consolidation of the LHC

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abbreviations, acronyms, translation

pie charts

Use only 2D pie charts, and label each slice with its corresponding percentage.

Never use 3D pie charts. They misrepresent data.

The important parameter of a pie chart is area. If the pie is represented in 3D, the foreshortening skews the area of each slice and the chart becomes misleading.

In the example below, the 1% slice is at the "back" of the chart – the perspective imposed makes that slice look smaller. Bringing this slice to the front would similarly skew the look of the chart, making the 1% slice look bigger.

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style

piecemeal

translation

pile up (verb); pile-up (noun)

Courier, translation

PIN

Or PIN number (although PIN stands for personal identification number, the tautology is in near universal use), not Pin or pin number

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style

pion

Not "pi-meson"

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style

pion–nucleon

use ndash

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Courier

pipeline

translation

place names

When quoting country, state or county names after the name of a town, set commas before and after:

New results were announced at the conference in Osaka, Japan, last week.

UK

It is not necessary to say that London is in the UK. For all other UK cities, spell out explicitly that they are in the UK. 

A team of physicists from Manchester in the UK reported that…

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style

plasma

An ionised gas consisting of positive ions and free electrons in proportions resulting in more or less no overall electric charge, typically at low pressures (as in the upper atmosphere and in fluorescent lamps) or at very high temperatures (as in stars and nuclear fusion reactors).

The current passed through a column of plasma.

See quark-gluon plasma

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physics

pm and am / p.m. and a.m.

See time

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style

police officer

Not "policeman"

See gender neutrality

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style

policy-maker, policy-making

but policymaker in the CERN Courier

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Courier, translation

positron–electron

use ndash

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Courier

post-session

translation

post-shutdown (adj.)

translation

post-war

translation

postcode

translation

postgraduate

translation

postpone

translation

postscript

translation

pp

Proton-proton

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abbreviations, acronyms, translation

practice (noun); practise (verb)

Practice makes perfect

I practise piano every night

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grammar, translation

pre-assigned

translation

pre-empt

translation

pre-investment

translation

Pages

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