Use of English
ERL |
Energy Recovery Linac Read more |
abbreviations, acronyms, translation |
erratum (pl. errata) |
no italics Read more |
translation |
ESA |
European Space Agency Acronym doesn't need spelling out for the CERN Courier Read more |
abbreviations, acronyms, Courier, translation |
ESFRI |
European Strategy Forum on Research Infrastructures Read more |
abbreviations, acronyms, translation |
ESO |
European Southern Observatory Acronym doesn't need spelling out for the CERN Courier Read more |
abbreviations, acronyms, Courier, translation |
ESRF |
European Synchrotron Radiation Facility Acronym doesn't need spelling out for the CERN Courier Read more |
abbreviations, acronyms, Courier, translation |
ESS |
European Spallation Source Read more |
abbreviations, acronyms, translation |
et al. |
translation | |
etc. |
must be preceded by a comma Read more |
translation |
ethernet |
Use lower case Read more |
spelling, translation |
EuCARD |
European Coordination for Accelerator Research & Development project Read more |
abbreviations, acronyms, translation |
euro (pl. euros) |
Not capitalised; add an "s" when plural. In most texts, use the ISO symbol EUR after the figure, separated by a non-breaking space e.g. 25 EUR (add lower case "k" for thousands, e.g. 25 kEUR, upper case "M" or "B" for millions of billions e.g. 25 MEUR). In more informal texts such as Bulletin articles, the symbol € can be used instead (before the figure, no space, e.g. €25). Read more |
translation |
eurozone |
translation | |
event |
An "event" is what happens after a collision: particles decay, form tracks and are detected. See collision or event?. Read more |
physics, style |
event or collision? |
See collision or event?. Read more |
style |
everyday (adj.) |
but "every day" as in each day Read more |
translation |
ex officio |
no italics or hyphen Read more |
translation |
exclamation marks |
Avoid using them. If the statement is surprising or exciting, it will be clear to the reader without the need for an exclamation mark. In particular, avoid multiple exclamation marks, e.g.: …this year the Wildcats are here and full of determination, as never before!!!! Read more |
punctuation, style |
experiments |
Use capitals for the names of experiments (ATLAS, ALICE, NA62, CLOUD, etc.), except for LHCb, LHCh and n_TOF. AEGIS, AEgIS and AEḡIS are all acceptable spellings used by the collaboration. Because CERN experiments can involve thousands of people working across laboratories and countries, there is considerable overlap between the concept of an experiment, research team or collaboration. IS and AEGIS are all acceptable spellings, although the first is the experiment's official name. Be careful how you use these terms – think how inclusive the term needs to be. Read more |
style |
expertise |
translation | |
External Auditors |
translation | |
extrabudgetary |
translation | |
extraterrestrial |
translation | |
FAIR |
Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (GSI) Read more |
abbreviations, acronyms, translation |
fait accompli |
use italics Read more |
translation |
FALC |
Funding Agencies for Large Colliders Read more |
abbreviations, acronyms, translation |
fall back (verb); fall-back (noun, adj.) |
translation | |
favour, favourable |
translation | |
fb |
Femtobarn (fb-1 = inverse femtobarm) Read more |
abbreviations, acronyms, translation |
FCC |
Future Circular Collider (the FCC study) Read more |
abbreviations, acronyms, translation |
feedback |
translation | |
FEL |
Free-electron laser Spell out in first use then use acronym for the CERN Courier. Use "an FEL", not "a FEL" Read more |
abbreviations, acronyms, Courier, translation |
femtobarn |
A unit of area, equal to 10−43 square metres. See barn and inverse femtobarn. "Femto" means a factor of 10-15, a thousandth of a millionth of a millionth. So a femtobarn is a barn (10-28 square metres) multiplied by 10-15, which equals 10-43 square metres. When writing pages for the general public, always give an approximate number of collisions as well as the figure in inverse femtobarns. Read more |
physics |
Fermilab |
Preferable to "Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory" or "FNAL". Include a link to their homepage. A new experiment at Fermilab in the US could change our ideas about fundamenal particles. Read more |
abbreviations, acronyms, style, translation |
fermion |
A subatomic particle, such as a nucleon, which has half-integral spin and follows a statistical description given by Fermi and Dirac. Read more |
physics |
fewer or less? |
For things you can count off one by one, use fewer; for quantities you can only measure, not count, use less. There were fewer cars on the roads in the 50s. Fewer people attended the gig than were expected. John ate fewer apples than Jane. I drink less water than you. There is less sugar in the scones than in the doughnuts. Read more |
grammar |
fibre |
translation | |
fibre-optic (adj.) |
use hyphen Read more |
translation |
film-maker |
use hyphen Read more |
Courier |
fire brigade |
Lower case. The informal name for CERN's Fire and Rescue Service Read more |
style |
firefighter |
Not fireman Read more |
style |
first quarter (pred.); first-quarter (adj.) |
translation | |
flagpole |
translation | |
flow chart; flow diagram |
translation | |
focused, focusing |
One "s" Read more |
spelling, translation |
follow up (verb); follow-up (adj.) |
translation | |
footnotes |
Don't use them. Except in press releases, where the following footnote should be inserted, linked to the first mention (and only the first mention) of the word "CERN" in the main text. Note: This version came into force on 8 January 2018. It should be updated if and when any new nations join CERN as Member States. English: Read more |
style |
force majeure |
use italics Read more |
translation |
forego |
precede Read more |
translation |
foreign and adopted words |
Foreign words should be in italics. Where a word has passed into common English usage, use roman; for words that are not included in our guide, refer to the OED. So Schadenfreude is in roman, because that’s the way it is in the dictionary, while Schaden or Freude (should you ever need to use them) are in italics. Read more |
style |