Use of English

ERL

Energy Recovery Linac

Read more
abbreviations, acronyms, translation

erratum (pl. errata)

no italics

Read more
translation

ESA

European Space Agency

Acronym doesn't need spelling out for the CERN Courier

Read more
abbreviations, acronyms, Courier, translation

ESFRI

European Strategy Forum on Research Infrastructures

Read more
abbreviations, acronyms, translation

ESO

European Southern Observatory

Acronym doesn't need spelling out for the CERN Courier

Read more
abbreviations, acronyms, Courier, translation

ESRF

European Synchrotron Radiation Facility

Acronym doesn't need spelling out for the CERN Courier

Read more
abbreviations, acronyms, Courier, translation

ESS

European Spallation Source

Read more
abbreviations, acronyms, translation

et al.

translation

etc.

must be preceded by a comma

Read more
translation

ethernet

Use lower case

Read more
spelling, translation

EuCARD

European Coordination for Accelerator Research & Development project

Read more
abbreviations, acronyms, translation

euro (pl. euros)

Not capitalised; add an "s" when plural. In most texts, use the ISO symbol EUR after the figure, separated by a non-breaking space e.g. 25 EUR (add lower case "k" for thousands, e.g. 25 kEUR, upper case "M" or "B" for millions of billions e.g. 25 MEUR).

In more informal texts such as Bulletin articles, the symbol € can be used instead (before the figure, no space, e.g. €25).

 

Read more
translation

eurozone

translation

event

An "event" is what happens after a collision: particles decay, form tracks and are detected.

See collision or event?.

Read more
physics, style

event or collision?

See collision or event?.

Read more
style

everyday (adj.)

but "every day" as in each day

Read more
translation

ex officio

no italics or hyphen

Read more
translation

exclamation marks

Avoid using them. If the statement is surprising or exciting, it will be clear to the reader without the need for an exclamation mark.

In particular, avoid multiple exclamation marks, e.g.:

…this year the Wildcats are here and full of determination, as never before!!!!

 

Read more
punctuation, style

experiments

Use capitals for the names of experiments (ATLAS, ALICE, NA62, CLOUD, etc.), except for LHCb, LHCh and n_TOF. AEGIS, AEgIS and AEḡIS are all acceptable spellings used by the collaboration.​

Because CERN experiments can involve thousands of people working across laboratories and countries, there is considerable overlap between the concept of an experiment, research team or collaboration. IS and AEGIS are all acceptable spellings, although the first is the experiment's official name.

Be careful how you use these terms – think how inclusive the term needs to be.

Read more
style

expertise

translation

External Auditors

translation

extrabudgetary

translation

extraterrestrial

translation

FAIR

Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (GSI)

Read more
abbreviations, acronyms, translation

fait accompli

use italics

Read more
translation

FALC

Funding Agencies for Large Colliders

Read more
abbreviations, acronyms, translation

fall back (verb); fall-back (noun, adj.)

translation

favour, favourable

translation

fb

Femtobarn (fb-1 = inverse femtobarm)

Read more
abbreviations, acronyms, translation

FCC

Future Circular Collider (the FCC study)

Read more
abbreviations, acronyms, translation

feedback

translation

FEL

Free-electron laser

Spell out in first use then use acronym for the CERN Courier. Use "an FEL", not "a FEL"

Read more
abbreviations, acronyms, Courier, translation

femtobarn

A unit of area, equal to 10−43 square metres. See barn and inverse femtobarn.

"Femto" means a factor of 10-15, a thousandth of a millionth of a millionth. So a femtobarn is a barn (10-28 square metres) multiplied by 10-15, which equals 10-43 square metres.

When writing pages for the general public, always give an approximate number of collisions as well as the figure in inverse femtobarns.

Read more
physics

Fermilab

Preferable to "Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory" or "FNAL".

Include a link to their homepage.

A new experiment at Fermilab in the US could change our ideas about fundamenal particles.

Read more
abbreviations, acronyms, style, translation

fermion

A subatomic particle, such as a nucleon, which has half-integral spin and follows a statistical description given by Fermi and Dirac.

Read more
physics

fewer or less?

For things you can count off one by one, use fewer; for quantities you can only measure, not count, use less.

There were fewer cars on the roads in the 50s.

Fewer people attended the gig than were expected.  

John ate fewer apples than Jane.

​I drink less water than you.

There is less sugar in the scones than in the doughnuts.

Read more
grammar

fibre

translation

fibre-optic (adj.)

use hyphen

Read more
translation

film-maker

use hyphen

Read more
Courier

fire brigade

Lower case. The informal name for CERN's Fire and Rescue Service

Read more
style

firefighter

Not fireman

See gender neutrality

Read more
style

first quarter (pred.); first-quarter (adj.)

translation

flagpole

translation

flow chart; flow diagram

translation

focused, focusing

One "s"

Read more
spelling, translation

follow up (verb); follow-up (adj.)

translation

footnotes

Don't use them. 

Except in press releases, where the following footnote should be inserted, linked to the first mention (and only the first mention) of the word "CERN" in the main text.

Note: This version came into force on 8 January 2018. It should be updated if and when any new nations join CERN as Member States.

English:

Read more
style

force majeure

use italics

Read more
translation

forego

precede

Read more
translation

foreign and adopted words

Foreign words should be in italics. Where a word has passed into common English usage, use roman; for words that are not included in our guide, refer to the OED. So Schadenfreude is in roman, because that’s the way it is in the dictionary, while Schaden or Freude (should you ever need to use them) are in italics.

 

Read more
style

Pages

You are here